Purpose to be used for selection, application into the system, power and cooling water estimation. However, living beings arent the only things that require air. Air enters a sealed chamber where it is trapped between two contrarotating rotors. In the way back from point 1 to point 3, gas flows or gas induced to cylinder is only from point 2 to 3. Compressors and compressed air systems whether installing a new system or altering an existing plant, compressed air systems provide many opportunities to gain long term dollar savings. In this paper, each of these compressors is defined, benefits and limitations are listed, and practical applications of each are discussed. These types of air compressors are available as air cooled or watercooled in lubricated or nonlubricated configurations and are also provided in a number of different pressures and capacities. The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor, which depends on transfer of energy from a rotating impeller to the air. It utilizes two asymmetrical rotors that are likewise called helical screws to compress the air. Read here to know about the basics of compressing air and appreciate the reason for air compressor following polytropic or isentropic compression instead of isothermal or adiabatic one. Refrigerant compressors and development, fluid flow, air cycle, vapour compression. It uses two asymmetrical rotors that are also called helical screws to compress the air. Apr 14, 2017 centrifugal and axial compressors are pumping gas continuously but reciprocating is not.
Objectives explain the function of the compressor discuss the concept of compression ratio list common compressors found in refrigeration systems describe the component. In a reciprocating compressor, a volume of air is drawn into a cylinder, it is trapped, and compressed by piston and then discharged into the discharge line. Reference 4 states that breathing air must be monitored quarterly and the results retained in the safety office for five years. The amico medical air system utilizes a desiccant dryer system with dew point dependent purge technology. The compression is largely influenced by a centrifugal pump. This manual does not for designing reciprocating compressor and the related parts. Kerrebrock and subsequently adapted by manuel martinezsanchez. History from compressor development point of view lowspeed steam engine driven compressors highspeed electric motor driven compressors rotary vane compressors centrifugal compressors screw compressors scroll compressors history of air conditioning module 2. Compressor, device for increasing the pressure of a gas by mechanically decreasing its volume. The induced air is compressed according to the polytropic law of. This section includes select lecture notes for the course excluding lessons on aircraft propulsion and jet engine rotordynamics. Now the air is cooled in the intercooler from 2 to 3 at constant pressure p 2 and from temperature t2 to t 3. The modern techniques of heat recovery systems in air compressors and use of variable speed drives have been briefly detailed to provide a view into a bright future of air compressor systems.
Applications 3rd lecture applications of refrigeration and air. It can then be arranged multistage for greater proportions of compression. It is a mechanical component machine to compress the air with raise its pressure. Said authorization may be obtained through our air compressor. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. The three general types of compressors are positive displacement, centrifugal, and axial. Ideally, there is no heat transfer from the air to the surroundings.
After that, the air is sucked in the high pressure h. Types of air compressors, compressor efficiency, efficient com. Multistage axial compressors can generate very high flow rates and discharge pressures. Air behaves like the ideal gas and follows the laws. The air compressors and gas compressors are used in many industries like electronics, automobiles, steel, chemicals, food processing industry, machinery, pharmaceuticals, construction, civil engineering, glass, pulp and paper, and theme parks. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow by prof. In many cases, a properly designed heat recovery unit can recover anywhere from 50 to 90 percent of this available thermal energy and put it to useful work heating air or water. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice test set 01 mcq compressors edit practice test. Centrifugal compressor is a machine in which a particular gas or vapor is compressed by a radial acceleration by an impeller with the help of a surrounding case. This manual does not for designing centrifugal compressor and those parts. The rotors have a very special shape and they turn in opposite directions with very little clearance between them. Any air compressors part or material found defective will be repaired, replaced or refunded, at the sellers option free of charge, provided that coaire is notified within the above stated warranty period. Rotary compressors are the another type of famous compressors.
Some of popular applications of compressor are, for driving pneumatic tools and. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice test. Refrigeration and airconditioning nptel online videos. As the rotors intermesh, they reduce the volume of trapped air and deliver it compressed to the proper pressure level. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice. The different types of cooling compressors executive summary there is much confusion in the marketplace about different compressor types and their characteristics. According to the basic engine design a reciprocating engine use of cylinder piston. The most common rotary air compressor is the single stage helical. Reciprocating air compressors are available either as aircooled or watercooled in lubricated and nonlubricated configurations and provide a wide range of pressure and capacity selections.
Compressors are invariably used for all applications requiring high pressure air. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. Capco compressed air parts company your aftermarket specialist for air compressor parts and lubricant for every major brand of compressor we offer an easy to navigate online store that supplies everything including lubricant for ingersoll rand, sullair, gardner denver, quincy, puma and every other make including synthetic oil 39433735,250022669,aeon9000,quin syn,s460,m460. Engines and machines also require air for their proper and efficient operation. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The proper design and operation of air compression systems is very critical. Compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final pressure exceeding 241. Airfilter efficiency gages 28 airmeasurement instruments 28.
Screw and scroll compressors have a higher isothermal efficiency, low initial cost, more reliability and offer a vibration free performance. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the. From the storage vessel, it may be transmit by the channel pipeline to a place where the supply of compressed air is required. Centrifugal compressor is one of the most simple and efficient way to obtain or produce compressed air. Feb 08, 2014 types of compressors centrifugal compressors for low p compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final pressure exceeding 241. This product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the state of california to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. In 1970, we added the rotary screw technology to our line in response to the increasing use of compressed air for industrial environments. Describe various air cycle refrigeration systems section 9. Compressed air system bureau of energy efficiency 46 positive displacement compressors reciprocating compressors reciprocating compressors are the most widely used type for air compression. Fresh atmospheric air is induced into the cylinder at constant pressure. Another type of air compressor is the rotary screw compressor which are positive displacement compressors.
Gas compression process in reciprocating compressor can be expressed such in figure 5. Free ppt and pdf download for compressor study mafia. A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Applications of air compressors how to use quincy compressor. It is important to have a complete understanding of the. The following types of compressors are used depending the required flow rate of air and maximum delivery pressure piston type or. The air is entrapped in the compartment formed by a male lobe and a female flute. As the rotors turn, the compartment becomes progressively smaller, thereby compressing the entrapped air. Reciprocating compressors contd power requirements of ideal and actual compressors optimum work for given condenser and evaporator pressures, mean effective pressure, pull down characteristics compressor discharge temperatures and need for cooling capacity control 18th lecture centrifugal compressors basic principle of dynamic. During the discharge stroke, the compression of air generates a considerable amount of heat.
Of the three compressors types, reciprocating air compressors generally have the lowest initial purchase price. Rotary screw air compressor the rotary screw air compressor has become popular source of compressed air for industrial applications. Types of compressors centrifugal compressors for low p compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final pressure exceeding 241. The average piston speed of a reciprocating air compressor is limited to about 300 to 400 metres per minute to reduce friction wear. Centrifugal and axial compressors are pumping gas continuously but reciprocating is not. Jul 12, 2017 the air compressors and gas compressors avails air pressure for measuring instrument. They are best suited when the demand of air or gas is constant and excessive. The features like a rise in pressure, working pressure, mechanical design and specific speed become the basis for the classification and differentiation. Features taller compressor cooling head cooling is a major concern for reciprocating compressors. The free air has some density or the given mass of gas occupies certain volume in free space. The rotors have an extremely unique shape and also they turn in opposite direct. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor compressors are similar to pumps.
All returns of allegedly defective equipment must have prior written authorization. The workdone on a compressor will be minimum if air is taken from a the atmosphere b a. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Unlike other sources of power, no conversion from another form of energy such as heat is involved at the point of application. Oil lubricated air compressor 160 for multi stage 200 for single stage pure oxygen and pure chlorine 120 dry cylinder with teflon seals 200 other. They are characterized by a flow output that remains nearly constant over a range of discharge pressures. At the end of the delivery stroke, the clearance volume. Rotating compressors are the an additional kind of famous compressors. Manual purpose to be used for selection, application into the system, power and cooling water estimation.
The future of air compressor systems has been a constant research topic among industrialists. Rotary air compressors are positive displacement compressors. Read here to know about various types of air compressors used and get a clear inside view of each type of compressor with the attached pictures. The compressed air is delivered out of the cylinder at constant pressure. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice test set 01. Air is the most frequently compressed gas but natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, and other industrially important gases are also compressed. Rotary compressors and typesworking principleengineering. Centrifugal compressor surgebasics, mechanism mechanical. Food processing industry depends highly on this type of compressor as it can provide oil free compressed air which are. Compressed air or pneumatic devices are therefore characterized by a high powertoweight or powertovolume ratio. The air compressor sucks air from the atmosphere and compresses it then further delivers with a high pressure to a storage vessel.
In practice, the lower volumetric flow rate is limited to about 0. Finally, the air, after further compression in the h. Positive displacement compressors cab be further divided into reciprocating and rotary compressors. Construction of reciprocating air compressor youtube. M d atrey, department of mechanical engineering, iit bombay 14 the losses associated with the compressors are given by isothermal, adiabatic, mechanical and overall efficiencies. At low q gas pressure has the same energy at horizontal portions of the performance curve. Pradeep, department of aerospace engineering, iit bombay. When the dew point is low, the system stops the purging of air from the dryer. Reciprocating compressor mechanical engineering in. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller, mark r. Compressors, fans, and blowers are devices which are designed in such a way that they deliver gas at a pressure which is more than the genuinely existing pressure. The compressors in most gas turbine applications, especially units over 5mw, use axial. Jan 14, 2014 as the air slows, kinetic energy is converted into pressure.
In this engine, the combustion of air and fuels take place inside the cylinder and are used as the direct motive force. Introduction compressor is used to increase the pressure of air from low pressure to high pressure by using some external energy. Vc is filled with compressed air at pressure p2 and. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Iit kharagpur notes converted into high quality audio source nptel. The quantity of air available in our atmosphere is huge and every living thing requires air, which includes oxygen, to survive. This provides quality dry air without excessive use and wear on the compressors, thus prolonging the life of the system. When quincy compressor started operations nearly 100 years ago, we designed a few models of high quality reciprocating air compressors that served our customers and their various applications. Mar 05, 2017 lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. These types of air compressors are available as aircooled or watercooled in lubricated or nonlubricated configurations and are also provided in a number of different pressures and capacities. Unlike many vane and screw compressors, most reciprocating compressors can be serviced or rebuilt in the field with simple hand tools. Axial compressors are usually limited to 16 stages due to temperaturematerial limitations pound for pound.