Assuming there are no absorptive processes, then all intensity losses are due to reflection, so the transmittance will be exactly the inverse of reflectance but, again, only if there is no. Combined theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. An essential reference for researchers and students of planetary remote sensing on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with planetary surfaces. Hapke 1993 introduction to the theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy for details. Library of congress cataloging in publication data. If, on the other hand, we assume a scenario based on reflective spectroscopy e. Quantification of porosity and surface roughness in laboratory measurements of the bidirectional reflectance of asteroid surface analogues. It can also be used for analysis of intractable solid samples. Reflectance difference spectroscopy rds is a spectroscopic technique which measures the difference in reflectance of two beams of light that are shone in normal incident on a surface with different linear polarizations. This theory should be useful for interpretations of reflectance spectroscopy of laboratory surfaces and photometry of solar. Effects of thin film thickness on emittance, reflectance and transmittance of nano scale multilayers s. The release of the second edition of the theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy is extremely timely, arriving at a time when the previous decade successfully collected a large number of spatially resolved hyperspectral datasets for solid bodies throughout the solar system and is likely to continue to dramatically increase during the next 10 years. This reflection maximum is called the restrahlen band.
Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy topics in remote sensing bruce hapke on. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy allen, t. We advocate the adoption by the uv spectroscopy community of the terminology of infrared ir spectroscopy. Reflectance and emittance spectroscopy are increasingly important tools in remote sensing and have been employed in most recent planetary spacecraft missions. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy nasaads. Emslie experimental data on the spectral emittance of particulate minerals, obtained using a michelson interferometer operating between 300 cmi and 1400 cm1 are compared with the results of a new theory of the spectral reflectance. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, bruce. The measurement of transmission, absorption, emission, and reflection james m. Historically, spectroscopy originated through the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy by bruce hapke.
Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy klima. The appearance of a soil results from the interaction of its different constituents with incident light. Diffuse reflectance an overview sciencedirect topics. Sedaghat1 1department of mechanical engineering, isfahan university of technology, isfahan. For particles larger than the wavelength, the scattering and absorption are computed mainly by geometrical optics but with important waveoptical corrections for the additional absorption. The infrared spectral reflectance of a semiinfinite medium composed of irregular particles of different materials is calculated in terms of the sizes, shapes, and complex refractive indices of the particles. At present there are at least 100 papers in the literature in which the diffuse reflectance method is used without question to obtain approximate absorption spectra of solids in the visible and near uv, or in which attempts are made to overcome the recognized limitations of the method, namely, that diffuse reflectance spectra are not always identical to transmission spectra. Scattering functions for mixtures can be calculated, as well as corrections for comparisons of experimental transmission or reflection spectra with observational planetary spectra. Is there a conversion from %reflectance to %transmittance in. The first term on the right describes the energy removed from the beam, the second and third terms describe the energy added by scattering, and the last term describes the contribution of thermal emittance. The kubelkamunk equation is derived and the experimental technique required for diffuse reflectance work is discussed. The reflectance curves of white standards are presented, and measurements relating to the conditions for infinitely thick layers are reported.
The spectral range useful for reflectance spectroscopy for planetary geologists is limited by the wavelengths of sunlight that the planets reflect and by the wavelength of thermal radiation emitted. Bruce hapke theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy bruce hapke. Absorbance, reflectance and transmission princeton instruments. Diffuse reflectance or bi directional reflectance spectroscopy has both laboratory and remote. Derivation of an urban materials spectral library through emittance and re. Read theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, the photogrammetric record on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Derivation of an urban materials spectral library through. A numerical calculation for a clay soil using the mie theory gives reasonable variation in the. Planetary bodies eventually emit the energy they have absorbed from light in the form of longer wavelength ir radiation. Transmittance is the amount of light transmitted by a sample and is mathematically related to absorbance. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy klima 2012. It provides us more information to research the quality of food products. At visible to infrared wavelengths, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a particulate medium involves a combination of reflection, absorption, scattering.
Is there a conversion from %reflectance to %transmittance. Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy drifts is a technique that collects and analyzes scattered ir energy. Topics include propagation and absorption of light in continuous media, reflection by smooth surfaces, scattering by spheres and irregular particles, reflectances and emissivities of particulate media, reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, and the polarization of light scattered by particulate media. Hapketheory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. Pdf theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy topics in remote sensing read online. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, bruce hapke. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy kindle edition by bruce hapke. New releases theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy any format. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy book. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy reflectance and emittance spectroscopy are increasingly important tools in remote sensing and have been employed in most recent planetary spacecraft missions. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy nirs is a nondestructive and rapid technique applied increasingly for food quality evaluation in recent years. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, 2nd ed.
Uvvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy applied to bulk. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. A modified hapke model for soil bidirectional reflectance. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy core. They are primarily used to measure properties of disordered materials, especially in the interpretation of remote observations of the surfaces of the earth and other terrestrial planets.
Cambridge u nive rsit y pre ss 9780521883498 theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. Ir spectroscopy ir absorption spectroscopy laboratory characterization of minerals and materials near normal reflectance spectroscopy laboratory applications for determining both n and k as a function of. At visible to infrared wavelengths, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a particulate medium involves a combination of reflection, absorption, scattering, and emission processes, each dependent on the geometry of the interaction, the physical character of the surface, and the wavelength of radiation being analyzed. The theory should be useful for the interpretation of reflectance spectroscopy of laboratory surfaces and the photometry of solar system objects. Effects of thin film thickness on emittance, reflectance. Experimental data on the spectral emittance of particulate minerals, obtained using a michelson interferometer operating between 300 cm.
The size of the peaks in an absorbance spectrum is proportional to concentration, thus absorbance spectra can be used for quantitative analysis. In fact, color has been used for more than 75 yr to obtain information about these soil. Reflectance and emittance spectroscopy are increasingly important tools in remote sensing and have been employed in most. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy by bruce. Infrared reflectance and emissivity spectra of nanodiamonds a maturilli1, a a shiryaev2, i i kulakova 3, j helbert1 1 institute for planetary research, dlr, berlin, germany 2 institute of physical chemistry and electrochemistry ras, leninsky pr. The geological society of london theory of reflectance. Efficiency of brdf sampling and bias on the average photometric. For particles larger than the wavelength, the scattering and absorption are computed mainly by geometrical optics but with important waveoptical corrections for the additional. Diffuse reflectance theory and applications diffuse reflectance ideal for powdered samples and intractable solids diffuse reflectance is an excellent sampling tool for powdered or crystalline materials in the midir and nir spectral ranges. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy bruce.
Browse physics spectroscopy ebooks to read online or download in epub or pdf format on your mobile device and pc. Munk functions has been estimated for several samples of color. Admittedly, however, i read most of this book while conducting geoarchaeology research in belize and guatemala studying the. Read theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy by bruce hapke available from rakuten kobo. Apr 15, 2016 pdf download theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy pdf online. I2 combined theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. Pdf theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy topics in remote sensing read. Theory bruce hapke department of geology and planetary science, university of pittsburgh, pittsburgh, pennsylvania 15260 an approximate analytic solution to the radiative transfer equation describing the scattering of light from particulate surfaces is derived. Emslie experimental data on the spectral emittance of particulate minerals, obtained using a michelson interferometer operating between 300 cmi and 1400 cm1 are compared with the results of a new theory of.
This book is aimed at students and researchers who wish to use reflectance and emittance as quantitative tools to measure the properties of. Admittedly, however, i read most of this book while conducting geoarchaeology research in belize and guatemala. The application of the developed theory to the measurements of the spectral reflectance is 252 presented in fig. Theory and applications of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Tlc plates containing spatially separated mixture components are passed through an optical system that focuses the incident ir beam onto a small spot on the plate and collects the resulting diffusely scattered ir radiation. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy topics in. Infrared reflectance and emissivity spectra of nanodiamonds. The combination of n and k at these wavelengths often results in high reflectance. Grimmonda,b a department of meteorology, university of reading, earley gate, po box 243, reading rg6 6bb, uk bkings college london, department of geography, the strand, london wc2r 2ls, uk. Bruce hapkes work on radiative transfer in particulate media has long been a cornerstone of planetary spectroscopy.
The dynamic range of the measurement is extremely large. Fundamentals of transmission and reflection spectroscopy lambertbeer law scattering and reflection phenomena schusterkubelkamunk theory 3. Read book theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy. For several reasons reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful technique for measuring the characteristic absorption spectrum of a particulate material. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy ebook por. The rationale for making this connection between uv. Reflectance measures the amount of light that reflects from the surface of a sample. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, the. Theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy ebook by. Spectral reflectance and emittance of particulate materials. These socalled coefficients of absorption and scattering are generally taken to be properties of the irradiated layer, assumed to be a continuum, and are experimentally accessible. It is also known as reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy ras. Jun 01, 2008 read theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy, the photogrammetric record on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Bruce hapke reflectance and emittance spectroscopy are increasingly important tools in remote sensing and have been employed in most recent planetary spacecraft. Atr spectroscopy, then what is being measured is radiation that is being reflected off the sample, so in these. The comparisons show that the theory predicts the infrared spectra of minerals quite well both for single substances and. Osa spectral reflectance and emittance of particulate. Diffuse reflectance ideal for powdered samples and intractable solids. They are primarily used to measure properties of disordered materials, especially in the interpretation of remote observations of the s. Second edition bruce hapke frontmatter more information. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Color and various other attributes of the appearance of soil are highly sensitive to the nature, proportion, particle size and morphology, and spatial association of its mineral and organic components. Theory and application of near infrared reflectance. Spectral reflectance and emittance of particulate materials, 2. At present there are at least 100 papers in the literature in which the diffuse reflectance method is used without question to obtain approximate absorption spectra of solids in the visible and near uv, or in which attempts are made to overcome the recognized limitations of the method, namely, that diffuse reflectance spectra are not always identical to transmission. Pdf download theory of reflectance and emittance spectroscopy pdf online. This edition maintains the rigor and depth of the first edition, while including more hands. Palmer optical sciences center uni y ersity of arizona tucson, arizona 2 5. Diffuse reflectance is an excellent sampling tool for powdered or crystalline materials in the midir and nir spectral ranges. Cambridge univeristy press, the edinburgh building, cambridge, cb2 8ru, uk.